Lighting downtime caused by AC grid failure, outages, and other threats create organizational safety and financial risks.  Risk of failures has created an imminently growing need for DC-powered emergency, back-up, remote-site, and off-grid lighting.  The cost of building power continues to increase, and lighting costs represent over 70% of power usage.  AC limits the cost savings and reduced carbon footprint benefits from renewable and sustainable power sources (Solar, Battery Storage).  AC limits the ability power control costs & efficiency and the flexibility of sharing lighting power consumption among various power sources, further limiting control of power usage & costs.   AC to DC conversions in standard AC systems are inefficient (avg. 5 to 10% conversion loss).  In many processes where consistency and lighting quality is priority.  AC lighting circuits are “noisy” and inconsistent, causing flicker and pulsing.